All About Disperse Dye | Mechanism, Properties and Classification - 2
The dyeing of hydrophobic fibres like polyester fibres with disperse dyes may
be considered as a process of dye transfer from liquid solvent (water) to a
solid organic solvent (fibre).Disperse dyes are added to water with a surface
active agent to form an aqueous dispersion. The insolubility of disperse dyes
enables them to leave the dye liquor as they are more substantive to the
organic fibre than to the inorganic dye liquor. The application of heat to the
dye liquor increases the energy of dye molecules and accelerates the dyeing of
textile fibres.
Heating of dye liquor swells the fibre to some extent and assists the dye to penetrate the fibre polymer system. Thus the dye molecule takes its place in the amorphous regions of the fibre. Once taking place within the fibre polymer system, the dye molecules are held by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals’ force.
Diffusion of dye in solid phase into water by breaking up into individual molecules. This diffusion depends on dispersibility and solubility of dyestuff and is aided by the presence of dispersing agents and increasing temperature.
Adsorption of the dissolved dye from the solution onto the fibre surface. This dyestuff adsorption by fibre surface is influenced by the solubility of the dye in the dye bath and that in the fibre.
Diffusion of the adsorbed dye from the fibre surface into the interior of the fibre substance towards the centre. In normal condition, the adsorption rate is always higher than the diffusion rate. And this is the governing step of dyeing.
When equilibrium dyeing is reached, the following equilibria are also established:
Heating of dye liquor swells the fibre to some extent and assists the dye to penetrate the fibre polymer system. Thus the dye molecule takes its place in the amorphous regions of the fibre. Once taking place within the fibre polymer system, the dye molecules are held by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals’ force.
The dyeing is considered to take place in the following simultaneous steps:
Diffusion of dye in solid phase into water by breaking up into individual molecules. This diffusion depends on dispersibility and solubility of dyestuff and is aided by the presence of dispersing agents and increasing temperature.
Adsorption of the dissolved dye from the solution onto the fibre surface. This dyestuff adsorption by fibre surface is influenced by the solubility of the dye in the dye bath and that in the fibre.
Diffusion of the adsorbed dye from the fibre surface into the interior of the fibre substance towards the centre. In normal condition, the adsorption rate is always higher than the diffusion rate. And this is the governing step of dyeing.
When equilibrium dyeing is reached, the following equilibria are also established:
- Dye dispersed in the bath
- Dye dissolved in the bath
- Dye dissolved in the bath
- Dye adsorbed on the fibre
- Dye adsorbed on the fibre
- Dye diffused in the fibre
Effect of Various Conditions on Disperse Dyeing:
Effect of Temperature:
In case of dyeing with disperse dye, temperature plays an important role. For the swelling of fibre, temperature above 100°C is required if high temperature dyeing method is applied. Again in case of carrier dyeing method, this swelling occurs at 85-90°C. If it is kept for more time, then dye sublimation and loss of fabric strength may occur.
Effect of pH:
For disperse dyeing the dye bath should be acidic and pH should be in between 4.5-5.5. For maintaining this pH, generally acetic acid is usedAt this pH dye exhaustion is satisfactory. During colour development, correct pH should be maintained otherwise fastness will be inferior and colour will be unstable.
Properties of disperse dye
- Disperse dye are a little soluble in water and its makes fine dispersion in water. Disperse dyes are fully soluble in organic compound like tuluin and benign.
- Light fastness of disperse dyes are from fair to good ratted. The ratting of disperse dyes are from 4 to five.
- Because of hydrophobic character this dyes are not so good at washing fastness. The ratting of washing fastness is from medium to good.
- This dye is good for hydrophobic fiber like polyester, nylon, acrylic Etc.
- Disperse dye has not attraction to cellulose and regenerated fiber.
- Disperse dye able to gives us the medium and bright shade.
- Rubbing fastness is good for disperse dye
- Disperse dye is used by neutral or a little aside solution.
List of the trade name of disperse dye
|
Trade Name Of Disperse Dye
|
Production Company
|
Producer Country
|
|
Despersol darenol
|
ICI
|
UK
|
|
SRA
|
British Celanese Ltd.
|
UK
|
|
Serilim, seri sole
|
Yorkshire dye ware & chemicals co.
|
UK
|
|
Celliton, palani
|
BASF
|
Germany
|
|
Resoline
|
Bayer
|
Germany
|
|
Samaron
|
Hoechst
|
Germany
|
|
Novalon, Citacet trasil, setacyl.
|
Coba- Geigy
|
Switzerland
|
|
Artinil, foron blue, foron brilliant yellow, forosyn HS.
|
Sandoz
|
Switzerland
|
|
Setile, Tersttle.
|
ACNA
|
Italy
|
|
Acitamine
|
Duepont
|
USA
|
|
Eastman estone
|
Eastman Kodak
|
USA
|
|
mikelton
|
Metsui chemical co.
|
Japan
|
|
nylo-quinone
|
Francolour
|
France
|
|
vonteryl
|
Vondalin gen pleat
|
Holland
|
|
Chemi lene.
|
Chemiequip Pvt Ltd.
|
India
|
Classification of Disperse Dyes
According to Chemical Structure:
According to chemical structure there are following types of disperse dyes:
1. Nitro Dyes
2. Amino Ketone dyes
3. Anthraquinonoid dyes
4. Mono azo dyes
5. Di- azo dyes
According to chemical structure there are following types of disperse dyes:
1. Nitro Dyes
2. Amino Ketone dyes
3. Anthraquinonoid dyes
4. Mono azo dyes
5. Di- azo dyes
According to Fastness Property:
According to fastness property there are following 4 types of disperse dyes:
1. Group A: These dyes have excellent dyeing properties and good fastness properties.
2. Group B: These dyes are excellent in high temperature and for carrier dyeing with moderate fastness.
3. Group C: These dyes are moderate for carrier and high temperature dyeing with higher fastness property than group B dyes.
4. Group D: These dyes are of excellent fastness to heat but for dyeing properties on carrier method.
According to Energy Requirement:
According to energy required for dyeing there are following 3 types of disperse dyes:
1. Low energy dyes: These dyes are used to dye with carrier. For dyeing 77°C temperature is required. They have extremely poor resistance to sublimation.
2. Medium energy dyes: These dyes are used to dye mostly in between temperature 104°C-110°C which provides better sublimation fastness than that of low energy dyes.
3. High energy dyes: These dyes are used to dye at temperature above 129°C and are suitable for continuous dyeing. They provide all round fastness properties.
Chemical Groups In Disperse Dyes
The percentage of chemical groups present in disperse dyes are as below:
Mono azo dyes 50%
Anthraquinonoid dyes 25%
Diazo dyes 10%
Methyne dyes 03%
Styryl dyes 03%
Acrylene benzimidazol 03%
Quinonaphthalon dyes 03%
Amino naphthyl amide 01%
Napthoquinone imine 01%
Nitro disperse dyes 01%
Mono azo dyes 50%
Anthraquinonoid dyes 25%
Diazo dyes 10%
Methyne dyes 03%
Styryl dyes 03%
Acrylene benzimidazol 03%
Quinonaphthalon dyes 03%
Amino naphthyl amide 01%
Napthoquinone imine 01%
Nitro disperse dyes 01%
Total 100%
Trade Names Of Disperse Dyes
|
Name of dye
|
Manufacturer
|
Origin
|
|
Foron
|
Sandoz
|
Switzerland
|
|
Terasil
|
Ciba-Geigy
|
Switzerland
|
|
Dispersol
|
ICI
|
UK
|
|
Samaron
|
Hoechst
|
Germany
|
|
SRA
|
British Celanese Ltd.
|
UK
|
|
Setile
|
ACNA
|
Italy
|
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